A lunar eclipse with over 60 minutes of totality will be visible from BC and most of North America on Sunday Jan 20th, 2019 – weather permitting.

RASC volunteers will be at Vancouver’s MacMillan Space Centre for a special eclipse viewing event. If the weather cooperates then the Trottier Observatory at SFU will also be open for a special Starry Nights event.

A total lunar eclipse occurs when the Sun, the Earth, and the Moon line up so that the Earth’s full (umbral) shadow falls on the moon. The moon doesn’t completely disappear but it will be cast in an eerie darkness and take on a reddish hue. The eclipse starts at 7:35 pm PST with the Moon in the south-east sky slightly more than 20° above the horizon. The mid-point of totality occurs at 9:13 pm PST and by then the Moon will have moved more towards the south and climbed to an altitude of 42°.

You can watch the the eclipse with the naked eye but binoculars make eclipse colours more vivid and give great 3D views. Lunar eclipses are easy to observe even in light-polluted city skies.

A telescope allows you to watch the eclipse encroaching on craters one after another.

If you are interested in photography then check out Alan Dyer’s fantastic article on how to photograph the lunar eclipse. I am going to try to get a shot of the eclipsed moon near the open star cluster M44 – the Beehive Cluster – in the constellation Cancer. I have been doing a bit of planning and practice to improve my chances of getting a good shot.

The Moon will be located a bit over 6° from M44 so it will be a widefield shot. I entered the data for my Nikon D5100 DSLR with a 55-200mm zoom lens at 105mm and a focal ratio of F4.5 into the SkySafari app to verify the field of view will nicely frame both the cluster and the Moon.

But what about the exposure time? Dyer notes that “the crescent Moon with Earthshine on the dark side of the Moon is a good stand-in for the eclipsed Moon.” Fortunately, there was a clear patch tonight so I took a few test images at ISO 400 to practice and get a rough idea of the exposure settings – some Earthshine is visible with a 2 second exposure but stars only start to become visible with a 5 second exposure.

Click on the 5-second exposure image to see a larger version – the star that is visible a little above and to the right of the Moon is the 4.8 magnitude star 20-Cetus and most of the stars in the Beehive cluster are much fainter with magnitudes above 6.3. So I’ll need to take images at different exposures: about 1-2 seconds to capture the eclipsed moon and 20 seconds or more to capture the faint stars in the cluster. I’ll try using HDR techniques  (high dynamic range) to combine the several exposures into a single image – either using the D5100’s builtin HDR setting when taking the shots or during post-processing.

The rule of 500 says that the maximum exposure time to avoid star trailing is 500 / effective-focal-length. My Nikon 5100 is an APS-C crop sensor with a multiplier of 1.5X which gives me at maximum exposure of 500 / (105 * 1.5) which is just 3.2 seconds. So, I am planning to piggyback the camera on my motorized/HEQ 5 Pro mount to track the stars and avoid trailing with the 20+ seconds needed to capture the stars in the cluster.

The hardest part may be getting a clear sky, in January, in Vancouver!

The RASC national office offers seven observing programs to promote active observing and has recently released videos about these programs that you can watch in this playlist.

The complete list of programs includes:

• Explore the Universe — A program for the novice observer, covering all major astronomical objects, including constellations, bright stars, the Moon, the Solar System, deep-sky objects, and double stars. (Open to members and non-members).
• Explore the Moon — An introductory lunar observing program based on 100 features in the RASC Observer’s Handbook.
• Messier Catalogue — Follow Charles Messier’s 18th-century journey through the northern skies by observing his famous list of 110 “not comets,” including galaxies, nebula, clusters, and other deep-sky objects.
• Finest NGC Objects — A slightly more challenging deep-sky program of 110 deep-sky objects for the intermediate observer
• Isabel Williamson Lunar Observing Program — The RASC’s intermediate-level lunar observing program, more thorough than Explore the Moon, requiring a mid-sized telescope (150+ mm).
• Deep-Sky Gems — An advanced list of 154 deep-sky objects (mostly galaxies) selected from David Levy’s 40+ years of comet hunting.

Observing programs are a great way to learn more about the night sky, challenge yourself, and to get the most out of our rewarding hobby. By successfully completing a program, a RASC member may apply for an official certificate for that program (non-members may apply for the Explore the Universe certificate). Several certificates come with lapel pins.

The speaker for our annual Paul Sykes Memorial Lecture is the renowned Canadian science fiction author Robert J. Sawyer. Robert J. Sawyer is one of only eight writers in history — and the only Canadian — to win all three of the world’s top Science Fiction awards for best novel of the year: the Hugo, the Nebula, and the John W. Campbell Memorial Award.

Date:  Saturday, Jan 26th, 2019 – 7:00 to 9:00 PM
Location: Saywell Hall, Room SWH10081, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby Campus
Please RVSP on our meetup site.

“Robert J. Sawyer is by any measure one of the world’s leading (and most interesting) science-fiction writers.” —The Globe and Mail

“Robert J. Sawyer is a writer of boundless confidence and bold scientific extrapolation.” —The New York Times

Robert’s talk sets the stage for thinking about the rapid pace of change that’s coming down the pike by showing how science fiction visions are increasingly becoming real. Captain Kirk’s communicator and tricorder are now embodied in our smartphones; robots have walked off the pages of science fiction into our living rooms; and the Jetsons’ hyperconnected lifestyle has become our daily reality. Rob shows why science fiction has been called “the only preventive medicine for Future Shock,” and explains how extrapolative science-fiction thinking and rapid adoption of cutting-edge technologies can aid businesses as they rush to meet the future.

These annual memorial lectures honour Paul Sykes. Paul actively pursued his interest in astronomy, attending conferences and joining RASC, where he became a Life Member. Paul Sykes passed away in October 2005 at the age of 87 and left the Vancouver Centre a generous gift.

Paul Sykes was born in Hummelston, Pennsylvania USA in 1918. He acquired his interest in astronomy at an early age. During his teens he published his own monthly astronomical column and gave at least one lecture.

He was an officer in the United States Air Force, served in the Pacific during WWII attaining the rank of Captain. He was awarded a Presidential Unit Citation, the U.S. Air Medal, the Oak Leaf and Cluster and the Bronze Star. Following the war he attended UBC earning a degree in Physics in 1948. He rejoined the United States Air Force and attended the Oak Ridge School of Reactor Technology, studying nuclear physics. He worked on the NERVA Project, a nuclear rocket development effort and rose to the rank of Major.

Paul was appointed a lecturer and administrator in Physics at UBC and remained there until retirement in 1983.

China’s Chang’e-4 spacecraft made the first ever soft-landing on the far side of the moon  on Wednesday Jan 2nd, 2019. The far side of the moon never faces the Earth so radio signals are blocked by bulk of the moon. How do the Chinese communicate with their spacecraft and lander? They use a relay satellite that is parked in space on the opposite side of the Moon from Earth.

The  relay satellite “Queqiao” was launched in May 2018, months before  Chang’e-4 launch in December. It now sits in what is known as the L2 Lagrange point of the Earth-Moon system. In the 1700s, the mathematicians Euler and Lagrange discover 5 points where the combined gravitational forces of two larger bodies (in this case the Earth and the Moon) create a small area of gravitational stability.  A smaller body (such as a relay satellite) at one of these points can maintain a stable or nearly stable position relative to the large bodies. There are five Lagrangian points but the L2 Lagrangian point is located directly opposite the Earth from the Moon.

Parking the relay satellite Queqiao at the L2 point means that it always stays at the same relative position, lined up with the Earth and Moon, as the Moon orbits the Earth and as the Earth-Moon system orbits the Sun.  Queqiao is the first communications satellite to utilize this L2 point.

A normal mission to lunar orbit usually takes four or five days, but Queqiao took longer to reach its special orbit at the L2 point.

Along the way, Queqiao deployed two micro-satellites called Longjiang-1 and 2 that were to enter lunar orbit. Unfortunately, only Longjiang-2 was successful in the braking maneuver required to reach lunar orbit.

NASA’s New Horizons spacecraft will welcome the New Year with a flypast of the most distant solar system object ever visited. New Horizons made headlines when it flew past Pluto and Charon in 2015 and is now headed for a rendezvous with the Kupier Belt object  “Ultima Thule”.

Here are 19 facts about this encounter to start the year 2019.

1. The closet approach is predicted to occur at 09:33 PM on Dec 31st, 2018 PST.
2. Ultima Thule was discovered in 2014, 8  years after the launch of the New Horizons spacecraft.
3. Ultima Thule is approximately 37 km across, about the same distance as a drive from Point Grey to Coquitlam.
4. At its closet approach, New Horizon is expected to be  3,500 km from Ultima Thule. This is 3 times closer than it was to Pluto and should result in higher resolution images and spectroscopic data.
5. Signals from Ultima Thule take about 6 hours to reach Earth
6. Ultima Thule formed in middle of the Kupier Belt where temperatures are close to absolute zero and it is too small to have a geologic engine like Pluto. Hence, scientists expect it to be a  well-preserved sample of a planetary building block.
7. The first health status signal is expected to be received around 07:00 am PST on Jan 1st with the first image data coming in a few hours later. Look for the first images to be released on Jan 2nd, 2019.
8. New Horizons will collect about 50 GB of data during its flypast but it will take about 20 months to send all that data back to Earth.
9. Analysis of recent light curves haven’t revealed the variations predicted by previous observations. Alan Stern, the principle investigator, has called this discrepency “Ultima Thule’s first puzzle”.
10. The orbit of Ultima Thule was not well established so New Horizons has been imaging it and has made several course correction maneuvers to adjust for differences in its predicted position vs its actual position. The last correction was a short 27 second burn on Dec 20th, 2018.
11. New Horizons entered “Encounter Mode” on Boxing Day so its on-board software will now handle any problems without intervention from Earth.
12. A Hazards Team scoured images for signs of moons or other dangerous debris along New Horizons’ path but gave the “all clear” signal in December 2018 for a close flyby.
13. Ultima Thule may be shaped like a rubber ducky or possibly two separate bodies based on observations made during its occultation of a star in 2017.
14. Ultima Thule’s official designation is  2014 MU69.
15. The apparent magnitude of Ultima Thule is 27: too faint for all but the most powerful telescopes.
16. The name “Ultima Thule” was nominated by about 40 people in a public campaign for selecting a nickname. It refers to a distant place located beyond the borders of the known world.
17. Ultima Thule orbits the Sun once every 295 years.
18. Ultima Thule is not visible in the night sky on Dec 31st as it is located in the constellation Sagistarius and will be less than  5° from the Sun.
19. It will reach naked eye brightness (magnitude 6) as seen from New Horizons’ point of view 3-4 hours before closest approach.

For more information on the New Horizons mission, including fact sheets, schedules, video and images, visit: http://www.nasa.gov/newhorizons and http://pluto.jhuapl.edu.

This Saturday, a full moon is trapped within the six bright stars that make up the huge asterism known as the Winter Hexagon. Asterisms are easily identifiable patterns of stars, like constellations, but they are not recognized by the International Astronomical Union. Asterisms may be a part of a constellation (like the big dipper), or can be composed of stars from different constellations as is the case with the Winter Hexagon.

The six stars that make up the Winter Hexagon include some of the brightest stars in our sky; five of the six are among the top-10 brightest stars visible from the northern hemisphere. Here is a summary along with each star’s visual magnitude.

• Capella (+0.07), the fourth brightest star in our sky, was the discovered to be a binary in 1899 based on spectroscopy. Photographic plates displayed two superimposed spectrums with different Doppler shifts. This revealed two components that were periodically moving towards and away from Earth and thus orbiting each other.
• Aldebaran (+0.99) marks the red eye of Taurus the bull. It is the ninth brightest star. It lies close enough to the ecliptic to be occulted by the Moon. In about two million years, NASA’s Pioneer 10 spacecraft will make a fly past of Aldebaran.
• Rigel (+0.28) is the fifth brightest star in our sky, but it is designated β Orionis because the variable red giant  Betelgeuse (α Orionis) is occasionally brighter. Rigel is a blue-white super giant that shines with the luminosity of 40,000 Suns.
• Sirius (-1.44), commonly called the “dog star”,  is the brightest star in the sky and is twice as bright as the next brightest. Its brightness is mostly due to its proximity to Earth. At a distance of 8.7 light years, it is the 5th nearest star system.
• Procyon (+0.40) is another close neighbour with a distance of 11.4 light years.  It ranks as the sixth brightest star in our sky.
• Pollux (+1.22) lies close to its slighter dimmer twin, Castor, in the constellation Gemini. Pollux is much more massive than the Sun and, despite being younger in age, it is in a more mature stage of its life cycle. Its nuclear furnace has already shifted from fusing hydrogen to helium into fusing helium into carbon and oxygen.  As the 12th brightest star in our sky, it falls just outside the top 10-list.

Scott talks about buying your first telescope  on Global News

RASC’s national office is setting up a robotic telescope in California. The telescope will be used for a variety of observing activities that include education, outreach, astrophotography and science projects. RASC members can be part of one or several teams that match their interests and will share access to the image data collected by their teams.

Visit https://www.rasc.ca/telescope-news to keep up with the latest developments.

The telescope is located under very dark skies at the Sierra Remote Observatories in California. The main instrument is a 40 cm RCOS telescope on a Bisque Paramount-ME mount. The camera is a new large-chip SBIG STX-16803 CCD camera that provides a field of view of approximately 1/2°.  The telescope is equipped with a filter wheel and an adaptive optics unit. In addition, riding atop the telescope is a full-frame Canon 6D DSLR with a 200 mm f/2.8 lens for wider-field images.

The telescope is already taking test images and a astrophotography group will be set up first. After signing up, members will have access to raw data images from the telescope. To help those new to astrophotography, there will be training in how to process these images. There are also plans to provide access to the DSLR photos to all members.